Umhlahlandlela Wokukhetha Ibhodi Le-Polyurethane: Ukushisa Okuphansi Kakhulu, Ukumelana Nomlilo we-B1 kanye Nokusetshenziswa Kwesimo Esigcwele
Ekongiweni kwamandla okwakha kwesimanje, ezindaweni zokugcina izinto ezibandayo, ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni kanye namaphrojekthi ezindlu zokuhlanza, ukusebenza kwebhodi lokufaka izinto ezivikelayo kunquma ngqo ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele, ukuphepha kokusebenza kanye nesikhathi sokuphila kwesakhiwo isikhathi eside. Izinto zokufaka izinto ezivikelayo zendabuko zivame ukuhlushwa ukuhanjiswa okuphezulu kokushisa, ukumelana nomswakama okubi kanye nokuwohloka kokusebenza okukhulu ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amabhodi e-foam e-polyurethane aqinile (amabhodi e-PU & PIR) afaka ukuhanjiswa kokushisa okuphansi kakhulu, isakhiwo samaseli avaliwe aphezulu, ukumelana nomlilo okuthembekile kanye namandla aphezulu omshini, okwenza abe yisisombululo sokufaka izinto ezivikelayo esihamba phambili samaphrojekthi obunjiniyela besimanje.
Uchungechunge lwethu lokufakwa kwe-polyurethane luhlanganisa amabhodi ahlanzekile e-PU ajwayelekile, amabhodi e-PIR athuthukisiwe athuthukisiwe kanye namaphaneli esandwich e-polyurethane composite enziwe ngokwezifiso. Zonke izinqubo zokukhiqiza nokuhlola zihambisana ngokuqinile namazinga kazwelonke i-GB/T 23932-2009, i-GB/T 21558-2008 kanye ne-JC/T 314-2012. Ngobuningi obujwayelekile obungu-35–40 kg/m³ kanye nesilinganiso samaseli avaliwe esidlula u-90%, ibhodi linezimbobo ezincane ezizimele ezifanayo ezihlanganisa ukufakwa kwe-thermal, ukuvimbela amanzi kanye namakhono okuthwala umthwalo. Uma kuqhathaniswa noboya bedwala obuvamile kanye nokufakwa kwe-polystyrene, amabhodi e-PU/PIR anikeza ukusebenza okuzinzile kakhulu kanye nokuguquguquka okubanzi kokusetshenziswa.
1. Ukusebenza Kokugcina Amandla Okuhamba Phambili Kokushisa Okuphansi Kakhulu
Ukushisa okuphezulu kuyindlela eyinhloko yokusebenza kahle kokushisa, futhi amabhodi e-polyurethane adlula kakhulu izinto zokushisa ezivamile emakethe. Amabhodi e-PU aqinile ajwayelekile agcina ukushisa okuzinzile okungu-0.018–0.024 W/(m·K), kuyilapho amabhodi athuthukisiwe aguquliwe e-PIR ethola imiphumela engcono kakhulu yokushisa okuphezulu.
Ukuze kufinyelelwe umphumela ofanayo wokushisa, amabhodi e-PU/PIR adinga ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kuphela yobukhulu bamabhodi oboya bedwala kanye nengxenye yobukhulu bamabhodi e-polystyrene. Lo mklamo omncane unciphisa ubukhulu besakhiwo sodonga nophahla, wandise isikhala esingasetshenziswa ngaphakathi ngenkathi wehlisa umthwalo wokusebenza wemishini yokushisa neyefriji. Ehambisana ngokugcwele nezindinganiso zokwakha eziluhlaza kanye nesidingo sikahulumeni sokulondoloza amandla sesakhiwo esingu-75%, amabhodi ethu aletha izinzuzo zesikhathi eside zokonga amandla ezizinzile ezakhiweni zokuhlala, izakhiwo zezentengiselwano kanye namapaki amakhulu ezimboni.
2. Isakhiwo Samaseli Avaliwe Kakhulu, Ukuqina Okuhle Kakhulu Okungangeni Manzi Nokungamanzi
Njengoba inesakhiwo samaseli avaliwe esinobukhulu obuphezulu, amabhodi e-polyurethane afinyelela ukusebenza okumangalisayo kokungangeni manzi nokumelana nomswakama, ngesilinganiso sokumuncwa kwamanzi esisebenza amahora angama-24 ≤3%. Isakhiwo samaseli avaliwe aminyene sivimba ngempumelelo ukungena komhwamuko wamanzi, sixazulula ngokuphelele ubuhlungu obuvamile bokunciphisa ukusebenza, ukuthambisa, ukwanda kanye nokugaywa okubangelwa ukumuncwa komswakama ezintweni zokuvikela zendabuko.
Lo mkhiqizo uphinde ube nokuzinza okumangalisayo kobukhulu. Njengoba uvivinywe ngokwezindinganiso ze-GB/T 8811, izinga lawo lokushintsha kobukhulu lihlala lingu-≤2% ngemva kwamahora angu-48 okuvezwa okushisa okuphezulu okungu-70°C njalo. Ugcina ukuzinza kwesakhiwo kuphelele ngemijikelezo yokushisa ephindaphindwayo esukela ku--20°C kuya ku-60°C. Ilungele izindawo ezinomswakama, izakhiwo ezingaphansi komhlaba, izindawo zokugcina izinto ezibandayo kanye nokufakwa kwepayipi yangaphandle ye-HVAC, inikeza ukusebenza okuthembekile okuqhubekayo kuyo yonke insizakalo yesikhathi eside.
3. B1 Ukuphepha Komlilo Okuthembekile Okungavimbeli Amalangabi Kwemisebenzi
Ukumelana nomlilo kuyisici esibalulekile ekukhetheni izinto zokwakha. Njengoba zihlelwe ngokwezindinganiso zokusebenza komlilo ze-GB 8624-2012, amabhodi ethu e-polyurethane ebanga lobunjiniyela afinyelela izinga le-B1 elivimbela ilangabi nge-oxygen index ≥26%, kuyilapho amaphaneli e-sandwich ahlanganisiwe aphezulu efinyelela izilinganiso ze-Class A ezingashi.
Uma ivulekele amalangabi avulekile, ibhodi liphenduka i-carbon kancane ngaphandle kokukhiqiza amaconsi ancibilikisiwe noma ukutshisa izakhiwo ezizungezile. Likhiqiza umusi omncane futhi alinawo umusi onobuthi ngesikhathi sokusha. Njengoba linomthamo othembekile wokuvimba umlilo, lihlangabezana ngokugcwele nezidingo zokwamukelwa komlilo ezakhiweni zomphakathi, ezakhiweni eziphakeme, ezindaweni zokusebenzela zezimboni kanye nasezindaweni zokugcina impahla, liqinisekisa ukuphepha komlilo okuphelele kuzo zonke izimo ezibalulekile zobunjiniyela.
4. Ukumelana Nokuqina Kwesimo Sezulu Okulula Nokunamandla Aphezulu
Amabhodi ethu e-polyurethane ahlanganisa ukwakheka okulula nezakhiwo eziqinile zemishini. Anamandla okucindezela okuguquka angu-10% ≥150 kPa kanye namandla okuguquguquka ≥180 kPa, aletha ukumelana okuhle kakhulu kokucindezela kanye nokuqina kokugoba. Ngokuqina okuvelele, ukumelana nokukhathala kanye nokumelana nokuguga, amelana nokuqhekeka kanye nokuguquka ngaphansi kwengcindezi yangaphandle kanye nokushintshashintsha okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa.
Isekela ububanzi bokushisa bokusebenza obusukela ku-196°C kuya ku-120°C, ibhodi lihlala lingaqhekeki emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu futhi lilwa nokuguga ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu, lizivumelanisa kahle nezimo ezinzima zokugcina okubandayo, ezokuthutha eziqandisiwe kanye nezindawo zokusebenzela ezishisa kakhulu. Njengoba liphila amashumi eminyaka ambalwa ngaphansi kwezimo zobunjiniyela ezijwayelekile, liqeda izidingo zokulungisa nokufaka esikhundleni njalo, linciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokusebenza zephrojekthi zesikhathi eside.
5. Ukufakwa Okujwayelekile Nokulula Okungaguquguquki Ezimweni Zokwakha Ezihlukahlukene
Ekhiqizwe ngezincazelo ezijwayelekile ze-modular, amabhodi e-polyurethane alula, kulula ukuwasika nokuwacubungula ngaphandle kokuthembela emishinini yokwakha eyinkimbinkimbi. Amaphaneli ethu e-polyurethane sandwich asebenzisa isakhiwo sokuxhuma esiqondile esinamajoyinti angenamthungo, aqeda ngempumelelo ukubopha okushisayo futhi athuthukise ukufudumala okuphelele kanye nokusebenza komoya.
Inqubo yokwakha elula ifinyeza kakhulu imijikelezo yephrojekthi, kuyilapho izinto ezilula zingangezi umthwalo owengeziwe ezakhiweni zokwakha, okwenza kube kuhle kakhulu ophahleni olude kanye nama-workshop esakhiwo sensimbi. Ngaphezu kwamaphaneli ajwayelekile ayisicaba, amabhodi akhiwe ngendlela ekhethekile ayatholakala ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokushisa izindonga ezingajwayelekile, amathangi emishini kanye namaphrojekthi okumboza amapayipi.
6. Ukufakwa Kokumbozwa Okugcwele Kwesicelo Esihlukahlukene Kwazo Zonke Izimboni
Ubunjiniyela Bezakhiwo: Ilungele izindonga zangaphandle, uphahla kanye nokufakwa kophahla kwezakhiwo zokuhlala, ama-plaza ebhizinisi kanye nezakhiwo zamahhovisi, okusebenza njengezinto ezikhethwayo zezakhiwo eziluhlaza kanye nezindlu ezonga amandla ezingasebenzi.
Indawo Yokugcina Izinto Ezibandayo: Isetshenziswa kabanzi ekugcinweni kokudla okubandayo, ezindaweni zokugcina imithi ezishisa njalo, ezindaweni zokuhlunga ezishisa kakhulu kanye nezitsha eziqandisiwe, iqinisa izindawo ezishisa kakhulu futhi inciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ochungechunge olubandayo.
Ama-Workshop Ezimboni: Ilungele izakhiwo zesakhiwo sensimbi, ama-workshop okukhiqiza kanye namakamelo ahlanzekile angenalo uthuli, ihlangabezana nezidingo eziphelele zokuvikela ukushisa, ukuvikela umsindo, ukumelana nomlilo kanye nomklamo wesakhiwo olula.
Izimo Zokusebenza Ezikhethekile: Ifanelekela ukuvikela ukushisa kwemishini ye-HVAC, amapayipi ezimboni kanye namathangi okugcina amakhemikhali, kanye nokuvikela ukuvala amagalari amapayipi angaphansi komhlaba kanye nezindlu ezingaphansi komhlaba.
Izakhiwo Zezolimo: Kusetshenziswa ezindlini zokugcina izithombo ezihlala zishisa kanye nasezindlini zokuzalela imfuyo ukuze kuqiniswe izinga lokushisa elizungezile, kuncishiswe imfucuza yamandla futhi kwandiswe isivuno sezitshalo nezilwane.
7. Umhlahlandlela Wokukhetha Ubunjiniyela Bobungcweti
• Qinisekisa imibiko yokuhlola esemthethweni ngaphambi kokuthenga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinkomba zokushisa, izinga lomlilo kanye nokumuncwa kwamanzi zihlangabezana ngokugcwele nezindinganiso zikazwelonke.
• Khetha amabhodi e-polyurethane e-PIR aguquliwe okugcina izinto ezibandayo kanye namaphrojekthi okushisa okuphansi ukuze ufinyelele ukuzinza okuphezulu kokushisa okuphansi.
• Khetha amabhodi esandwich ahlanganisiwe anezinhlangothi zensimbi ukuze asetshenziswe odongeni nasophahleni lwangaphandle ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nesimo sezulu kanye nokuphila kwesikhathi eside.
• Qinisekisa ukuvalwa okuphelele kwama-board joints ngesikhathi sokwakha ukuze kwandiswe ukuvikelwa kokushisa kanye nokusebenza okungangeni manzi.
8. Izinzuzo Zokuthengiselana Kwangaphandle Ezithembekile
Njengomkhiqizi oqondile ochwepheshe, sinikeza uhlu oluphelele lwamabhodi e-polyurethane e-PU/PIR ajwayelekile anokunikezwa okwanele okukhona esitokweni. Sisekela osayizi abakhelwe ngokwezifiso, ubuso obukhethekile, ukucutshungulwa komuntu siqu kanye nezinsizakalo ze-OEM. Imibhalo ephelele yokufaneleka kokuthumela kwamanye amazwe iqinisekisa ukusulwa kwentela okubushelelezi emhlabeni wonke kuwo wonke ama-oda aphesheya kwezilwandle. Sinikeza izixazululo ezenzelwe wena ukuze kulinganiswe ukusebenza kwephrojekthi kanye nesabelomali.
Njengoba ihlanganisa ukuvikela ukushisa okusebenza kahle kakhulu, ukumelana nomlilo okuthembekile, ukuvikela umswakama okuphezulu, amandla aphezulu okusebenza kanye nokufakwa okulula, amabhodi e-polyurethane avelele njengezinto zokuvikela ukonga amandla ezibiza kakhulu. Njengoba kunezindinganiso zokonga amandla zokwakha zomhlaba wonke ezithuthukisiwe njalo, amabhodi e-PU kanye ne-PIR ahlala eyisinqumo esiphezulu samaphrojekthi amasha okwakha nokuvuselela emhlabeni jikelele.Xhumana nathi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ukuze uthole izaphulelo zama-oda amaningi, isiqondiso sobuchwepheshe sokukhetha amaphrojekthi kanye nezingcaphuno zakamuva zesikhathi sangempela!
