I-Membrane Engangeni Manzi ye-PVC Esekelwe Emuva | Indwangu Engalukwanga Esekelwe Emuva, Inamathele Ngokugcwele, Ilungele Ukuvuselelwa Kokhonkolo Nophahla Oludala
1. Ukubuka Konke Komkhiqizo
Ishidi le-PVC elisekelwe uhlobo lwe-L lihlanganisa ingaphezulu le-PVC eliqinile elinobunye nendwangu engalukiwe ye-polyester eboshwe phansi kwayo ngokucubungula okuhlanganisiwe kokushisa. Sikhiqiza zonke izinto ngokulandela i-GB 12952-2011, futhi singahlinzeka ngemibiko ephelele yokuhlola yokunamathela kwe-FM kanye namaphepha okuhlolwa kwefektri kuyo yonke i-oda. Isitoko esingavuthiwe sisebenzisa i-PVC emsulwa exutshwe nezithasiselo ezilwa ne-UV ngesikhathi sokukhipha isinyathelo esisodwa; akukho halogen noma isithambisi sokufuduka esengeziwe, ngakho umkhiqizo uhlala unobungani nemvelo futhi ungaphinde usetshenziswe.
Isisekelo esingalukiwe esinamathiselwe simunca kahle iglue efanayo, sivaleleke ngokuqinile ku-samente mortar kanye nezisekelo zophahla lwe-asphalt ezigugile. Lo mklamo awuvumeli ngokuphelele ukubopha ngomshini noma ukusethwa kwe-ballast okuxekethile, okwakhelwe kuphela ukufakwa kwe-bonding ephelele. Ukuphela kwayo okumhlophe okukhanyayo okuphezulu kuhlangabezana nezimfuneko ezivamile zophahla olupholile. Uma kubhangqwe neI-PVC efanayo futhiI-PVC eqinisiwe, la mazinga amathathu akha uhlelo oluphelele lophahla olune-single-ply olujwayelekile, olufakwe kabanzi ekwakhiweni kophahla olusha lwekhonkrithi, ukulungiswa kabusha kwe-asphalt esidala kanye nemisebenzi yophahla olulula olunomthamo olinganiselwe womthwalo.
2. Isakhiwo Somkhiqizo
Leli shidi liza njengezingqimba ezimbili eziboshwe ngokushisa: i-PVC eqinile elinganayo phezulu, kanye nendwangu engalukiwe engu-80g/㎡ ye-polyester enokushisa efakwe ngaphansi. I-thermal fusion ihlanganisa izingqimba ezimbili ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka ngaphandle kwezingozi zokuqhekeka noma ukuxebuka ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke. Izithasiselo ezilwa ne-UV kanye nezokulwa nokuguga ziya engxubeni eluhlaza ye-PVC ukuze zigcine ukusebenza okuzinzile kwangaphandle ngaphansi kwezimo ezivezwe isikhathi eside. Isakhiwo esivulekile esinezimbobo se-nonwoven sivumela i-glue ukuthi ingene ngokuphelele futhi ibambelele ngokuqinile ezindaweni eziyisisekelo, okukhulisa kakhulu ukuzinza kwezingqimba zophahla ezinamathele ngokuphelele.
3. Amapharamitha Obuchwepheshe
Izinga Lokusebenza: GB 12952-2011, amadokhumenti okuhlola aphelele kanye nesitifiketi sokunamathela okugcwele se-FM siyatholakala uma ucela
Ubukhulu: Ubukhulu obungu-1.2mm, 1.5mm, ubukhulu obungokwezifiso buyamukeleka; ububanzi bomgoqo obungu-2.0m, ubude bomgoqo obungu-20m /30m
Ukubekezelela izinga lokushisa: Hlala uphelele ngaphandle kokuqhekeka ku--25℃, akukho ukugoba noma ukuguguleka ku-80℃
Izinkomba zemishini (ukuhlolwa nge-GB/T 528, GB/T 328.23): Amandla okudonsa ≥10MPa, ukunwebeka kokuphuka ≥500%, ukumelana nokubhoboza ≥200N, ukuvuza okungamanzi ngaphansi kwengcindezi yamanzi engu-0.3MPa ngaphezu kwemizuzu engama-30
Inkomba yokubopha eyisisekelo (GB/T 328.20): Indwangu engalukiwe ≥80g/㎡, amandla okubopha ahlutshiwe ane-substrate ≥1.5N/mm
Ukusebenza kokuguga kokushisa: Gcina amanani omshini okuqala angaphezu kuka-90% ngemva kokuguga okuqhubekayo okungu-80℃ izinsuku ezingu-28
Isikhathi sokuphila kwesevisi: Okungenani iminyaka engama-20 ngaphansi kwendawo evamile yokusetshenziswa evulekile
4. Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko
Isisekelo esingalukiwe siqinisa ukubopha okuqinile ukuze kumiswe ukuhlukana kwama-blister kanye nesendlalelo
Ingqimba yendwangu engezansi imunca iglue yokwakha ngokulinganayo futhi inamathele eduze kwekhonkrithi kanye ne-asphalt endala. Iqeda ngempumelelo izinkinga ezivame ukwenzeka endaweni njengokubhoboza, amaphakethe angenalutho kanye nemiphetho egobile, okwenza lokhu kube yinto esetshenziswayo kuyo yonke imisebenzi yophahla enamathela ngokuphelele.
Ubuso be-PVC obuqinile buvumela ukushisela komoya oshisayo okuqhubekayo ukuze kuhlanganiswe amalunga angangenwa manzi athembekile
Isendlalelo esiphezulu se-PVC sonke sabelana ngokwakheka kwezinto ezihambisanayo, okuvumela ukuhlangana komoya oshisayo kuzo zonke izithungo ezihambisanayo. I-weld encibilikisiwe ihlangana ibe yishidi elizungezile ngaphandle kwezikhala ezifihliwe ezibangela ukuvuza kwamanzi, igcina uphahla lungangeni emvuleni amashumi eminyaka okusetshenziswa emoyeni ovulekile.
Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo okuhle kwamakhemikhali nesimo sezulu kuhambisana nezimo eziyisisekelo ezahlukahlukene ezidala
Yakhiwe nge-PVC feedstock ehlanzekile eqinile, ishidi limelela ukuguguleka okuvela kumakhemikhali e-asidi, i-alkali kanye namakhemikhali ahlukahlukene asekelwe ku-oyela. Ibopha kahle i-asphalt egugile egugile kanye nekhonkrithi endala, ivumela ukumbozwa okuqondile ngaphandle kokususa izingqimba zophahla ezindala, inciphise izindleko zokwakha kanye nesikhathi sokusebenza semisebenzi yokuvuselela.
Indawo ekhanyayo ephezulu engabonakali kahle igcina amandla ngaphandle kokufaka ungqimba olungaphezulu oludingekayo
Ukuqeda okukhanyayo kunciphisa ukukhuphuka kokushisa kophahla futhi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okwakha ngokwemigomo yophahla olupholile. Izakhi ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ezimelana ne-UV ne-ozone zisusa isidingo sokuvikelwa okwengeziwe kwendawo; ishidi liyamelana nokuqhekeka kwe-choki ngaphansi kokuvezwa ngaphandle isikhathi eside futhi ligcina izindleko zokulungisa kamuva ziphansi.
Izinhlobo zokufanisa ezimaphakathi ezintathu ziphelele uhlelo lophahla oluhlanganisiwe olune-ply eyodwa
Silungiselela amamaki amathathu e-PVC ezindaweni zokwakha ezihlukene: Uhlobo L lwezingxenye zokubopha ezigcwele indawo enkulu, Uhlobo H lwe-PVC olucacile lokukhanyisa okuningiliziwe emakhoneni nasekungeneni kwamapayipi, Uhlobo P lwe-PVC oluqiniswe nge-fiberglass lwezindawo zophahla ezinkulu ezinomoya omkhulu. Ukuqondanisa la mamaki amathathu kuhlanganisa amazinga okwakha futhi kuthuthukisa ukuthembeka kokungena kwamanzi kwephrojekthi yonke.
5. Izimo Zokusebenza
I-Full-bond engangeni manzi ophahleni oluyisicaba lukakhonkolo: Uphahla olusha oluyisicaba lukakhonkolo oluthululiwe, i-basement top slab eveziwe kanye nama-deck ophahleni lukakhonkolo ezakhiweni zomphakathi.
Ukuvuselelwa kophahla lwe-asphalt oludala: Ukumbozwa okuqondile ngaphezu kwe-SBS ekhona kanye nophahla lwe-asphalt oludala, yeka ukususa ungqimba oludala oluphelele ukuze uqede ukulungiswa ngokushesha nangokungabizi kakhulu.
Ukwakhiwa kophahla olunemithwalo ephansi: Izakhiwo zophahla ezilula ezingakwazi ukuthwala izikhonkwane zezikulufo noma amatshe e-ballast anqwabelene.
Uphahla lwesakhiwo olusizayo oluncane noluphakathi: Olungenamanzi oluvulekile oluhlanganiswe ngokuphelele ukuze kwakhiwe ama-podium, izindlu zamaphampu kanye nezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene ezisekelayo.
6. Iziqondiso Zokwakha Ezijwayelekile
Umsebenzi wokulungiselela isisekelo: Yenza isisekelo sibe siqinile, sicaba, somile futhi singenazo izipikili ezibukhali, amafutha kanye nokungcola okusele. Lungisa ngokuphelele isisekelo se-asphalt kuqala; gcina umswakama wekhonkrithi ungaphansi kuka-9% ngaphambi kokubeka amashidi.
Imithetho yendawo yokusebenza: Faka uma izinga lokushisa elizungezile lingaphezu kuka-5℃; fudumeza isisekelo kanye ne-membrane uma kubanda. Misa yonke imisebenzi yangaphandle ngesikhathi semvula, iqhwa, umoya onamandla noma inkungu enkulu.
Imithetho yokugoqana nokushisela: Shiya ukugoqana okuqondile okungu-≥80mm, ukugoqana okuphambene okungu-≥120mm. Izinga lokushisa lokushisela elibhekiselwe lisukela ku-480–580℃; ukusetha kokushisa kokugcina kulandela imiphumela yokuhlola yokushisela nokuhlubula endaweni. Gingqa ukushisela okusha ngokushesha ukuze ucindezele umoya ovalelekile futhi uvikele ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezigcwele.
Ukusebenza okunamathelayo okugcwele: Sakaza inhlaka ye-PVC ekhethiwe ngokulinganayo ngesikrufu esimise okwezinyo ku-0.5–0.8kg ngesilinganiso semitha yesikwele. Gcina ingxenye yangemuva engalukiwe ihlanzekile futhi ingenamafutha ngaphambi kokugingqa nokucindezela ishidi ngokuqinile esisekelweni.
Izinyathelo zokuqinisa ezinemininingwane: Ngaphambi kokubeka uhlobo lwe-L olukhulu, lungisa imichilo yohlobo lwe-H engu-150–300mm ububanzi nxazonke emakhoneni angaphakathi/angaphandle, izimpande zamapayipi kanye nezinyawo zemishini ukuze kwakheke umngcele ovaliwe ongangeni manzi.
Ukuqeda imiphetho nokuvikela uphahla oluqediwe: Bopha imiphetho yokuhlobisa ngezinsimbi bese uvala izikhala nge-sealant ye-PVC ezinikele. Vimbela ukuhamba ngezinyawo kanye nokufakwa kwezinto ophahleni oluqediwe zingakapheli amahora angama-24 ukuze uvikele imithungo ehlanganisiwe kanye nezendlalelo ezingangeni manzi ezingaphazamiseki.
7. Isifinyezo Somkhiqizo
Ikhiqizwe ngemuva kwe-GB 12952-2011, i-Type L PVC ithola ukusebenza okuvelele kwe-full-bond ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo okungalukiwe, okuqondiswe ekwakheni uphahla lwekhonkrithi kanye namaphrojekthi okulungisa i-asphalt asebekhulile. Uma ihambisana namashidi okusetshenziswa kwemininingwane yohlobo H, yakha uhlelo lophahla olunamathelisiwe oluqinile olune-single-ply, ukukhetha okungangeni manzi kwezakhiwo ezithwala umthwalo omncane kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zamaphrojekthi okuvuselela uphahla.
